众所周知，Minecraft本身有两个版本，JAVA和Bedrock，前者顾名思义就是用java写的，得益于java本身的跨平台特性，我们可以非常方便的在linux下运行它，而且java在linux下还有神秘优化加成，同样的机器，LINUX的游戏体验感觉要比windows好很多。
要运行MInecraft，你首先需要一个启动器。
方案1：官启
mojang官方也为ubuntu或者arch开发了官方的客户端，当然也支持其他发行版。
你可以直接在这个地方找到它。
https://www.minecraft.net/zh-hans/download
如果你有正版帐号的话，且网络连接比较顺畅，那直接下载，安装，然后打开即可。
官启会自动下载所需要的java环境和要玩的游戏资源，然后就可以玩了。
缺点就是mod这些需要你自己手动去打，会稍微麻烦一些。
方案2：用hmcl
hmcl是个老牌的开源启动器，它本体就是拿java编写的，所以，它也可以很容易运行在linux上。
可以从这里下载jar结尾的文件
https://ci.huangyuhui.net/job/HMCL/
因为是jar文件，你需要有java运行环境，我们要去装一个。
安装java
java有两种方式，一种是直接去使用甲骨文官方的java，反正也不是商用，放心造就好了。
https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/downloads/#java21
我们装最新的lts 21就好了，ubuntu是debian的衍生版，那就是x64 Debian Package
下载后，就是个安装包，拿命令安装就好。
或者更直接的，用ubuntu自己打包的openjdk，这个和甲骨文那个基本没差，这个更简单：
先搜索一下
s然后会列出这么一大托
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crypto-policies/jammy,jammy 20190816git-1 all
unify the crypto policies used by different applications and libraries
default-jdk/jammy 2:1.11-72build2 amd64
Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
default-jdk-doc/jammy 2:1.11-72build2 amd64
Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)
default-jdk-headless/jammy 2:1.11-72build2 amd64
Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (headless)
default-jre/jammy 2:1.11-72build2 amd64
标准 Java 或兼容 Java 的运行环境
default-jre-headless/jammy 2:1.11-72build2 amd64
标准 Java 或兼容 Java 的运行环境（headless）
java-package/jammy,jammy 0.62 all
Utility for creating Java Debian packages
jtreg/jammy,jammy 5.1-b01-2 all
Regression Test Harness for the OpenJDK platform
jtreg6/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 6.1+2-1ubuntu1~22.04 all
Regression Test Harness for the OpenJDK platform
jtreg7/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 7.3.1+1~us2-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 all
Regression Test Harness for the OpenJDK platform
libasmtools-java/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 7.0-b09-2ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK AsmTools
libeclipse-collections-java/jammy,jammy 11.0.0.M3-2 all
Eclipse Collections - comprehensive collections library for Java
libhsdis0-fcml/jammy 1.2.2-2 amd64
HotSpot disassembler plugin using FCML
libjax-maven-plugin/jammy,jammy 0.1.8+dfsg-1 all
Using the xjc goal with OpenJDK 11+
libreoffice/jammy-updates,jammy-security 1:7.3.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.7 amd64
office productivity suite (metapackage)
openjdk-11-dbg/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-11-demo/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-11-doc/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-11-jdk/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-11-jdk-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-11-jre/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java 运行时环境，使用 Hotspot JIT
openjdk-11-jre-dcevm/jammy 11.0.12+7-1 amd64
Alternative VM for OpenJDK 11 with enhanced class redefinition
openjdk-11-jre-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-11-jre-zero/jammy-updates,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero
openjdk-11-source/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 11.0.25+9-1ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-17-dbg/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-17-demo/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-17-doc/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-17-jdk/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-17-jdk-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-17-jre/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java 运行时环境，使用 Hotspot JIT
openjdk-17-jre-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-17-jre-zero/jammy-updates,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero
openjdk-17-source/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 17.0.13+11-2ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-18-dbg/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-18-demo/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-18-doc/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-18-jdk/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-18-jdk-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-18-jre/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java 运行时环境，使用 Hotspot JIT
openjdk-18-jre-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-18-jre-zero/jammy-updates,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 amd64
Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero
openjdk-18-source/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 18.0.2+9-2~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-19-dbg/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-19-demo/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-19-doc/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-19-jdk/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-19-jdk-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-19-jre/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-19-jre-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-19-jre-zero/jammy-updates,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 amd64
Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero
openjdk-19-source/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 19.0.2+7-0ubuntu3~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-21-dbg/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-21-demo/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-21-doc/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-21-jdk/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-21-jdk-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-21-jre/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-21-jre-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-21-jre-zero/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero
openjdk-21-source/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
openjdk-21-testsupport/jammy-updates,jammy-security 21.0.5+11-1ubuntu1~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (regression test support)
openjdk-8-dbg/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-8-demo/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-8-doc/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-8-jdk/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-8-jdk-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
openjdk-8-jre/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java 运行时环境，使用 Hotspot JIT
openjdk-8-jre-headless/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-8-jre-zero/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 amd64
Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero
openjdk-8-source/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 8u432-ga~us1-0ubuntu2~22.04 all
OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
uwsgi-app-integration-plugins/jammy 2.0.20-4 amd64
plugins for integration of uWSGI and application
uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-11/jammy 2.0.20-4 amd64
Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 11)
uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-11/jammy 2.0.20-4 amd64
JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 11)
uwsgi-plugin-ring-openjdk-11/jammy 2.0.20-4 amd64
Closure/Ring plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 11)
uwsgi-plugin-servlet-openjdk-11/jammy 2.0.20-4 amd64
JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 11)可以看到它也有很多版本，jdk是编译套件，jre只是运行。ubuntu 22默认的default-jdk好像是jdk 11，如果你要玩新一些的版本，建议还是直接上21吧。
sudo apt install openjdk-21-jdk安装完成后，你都可以通过java --version 这个命令来查看你的java版本
openjdk 21.0.5 2024-10-15
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 21.0.5+11-Ubuntu-1ubuntu122.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.5+11-Ubuntu-1ubuntu122.04, mixed mode, sharing)
启动！
在你的home里新建一个目录，比如mc
然后把刚才下载的jar文件剪切过去
在mc目录里打开终端，输入
java -jar hmcl.jar然后，就可以了
